Which of the following can be considered a violation of the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC)?

Targeting non-combatants constitutes a clear violation of the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC). This principle is central to LOAC, which aims to protect individuals who are not participating in hostilities, such as civilians, medical personnel, and humanitarian workers, from the effects of armed conflict. The intentional targeting of non-combatants not only breaches these legal standards but also undermines the foundational ethics of warfare, which emphasize the distinction between combatants and civilians. By ensuring that military actions are directed only against legitimate military targets, LOAC seeks to minimize harm to those who are not involved in the conflict and promote humane treatment during warfare. Thus, choosing to target individuals who fall outside the combatant category directly contravenes the responsibilities outlined by LOAC.